{"id":389,"date":"2020-02-20T13:47:53","date_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:47:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/lequipe\/"},"modified":"2026-03-12T13:00:47","modified_gmt":"2026-03-12T13:00:47","slug":"equipe","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/equipe\/","title":{"rendered":"Team"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_7 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n.td_block_template_5 .td-block-title {\r\n                font-size: 16px;\r\n                font-weight: 500;\r\n                margin-top: 0;\r\n                margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n                color: var(--td_text_header_color, #000);\r\n                text-align: left;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                padding: 0 12px;\r\n                border-width: 0 0 0 4px;\r\n                border-style: solid;\r\n                border-color: var(--td_header_color, var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec));\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-filter,\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-dropdown {\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n            }\r\n            @media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title a {\r\n                    font-size: 15px;\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title:last-child {\r\n                border: none;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item {\r\n                color: var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec);\r\n            }\r\n            \r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #ff2323;\r\n                border-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_7 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">TEAM<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_8\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_9  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_9,\r\n                .tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_9,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_11  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_11{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_12 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_12\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_12 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_12 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_12 .td-block-title a,\r\n\t\t\t\tbody .tdi_12 .td-block-title span{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-family:Cabin !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Julien MALIZARD, full member<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_14  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_14{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_14,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_14 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_14 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_16  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_16{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_16 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_16 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_16 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_single_image td_block_wrap  td-animation-stack td_block_wrap vc_single_image tdi_17  td-single-image- td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_17\"><span \r\n                            class=\"td_single_image_bg td-lazy-img\" \r\n                            data-type=\"css_image\" \r\n                            data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/julienMalizard.png\"  ><\/span>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_single_image.td-image-video-modal{\r\n                  cursor: pointer;\r\n                }.td_block_single_image.td-no-img-custom-url .td_single_image_bg{\r\n                  pointer-events: none;\r\n                  cursor: default;\r\n                }.vc_single_image a{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-rounded .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-rounded .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-rounded .td_single_image_bg:after{\r\n                  border-radius: 4px;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 22px;\r\n                  background-color: #EBEBEB;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border{\r\n                  padding: 6px;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow{\r\n                  padding: 1px;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-outline a:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after{\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  top: 0;\r\n                  left: 0;\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  height: 100%;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after{\r\n                  color: #fff;\r\n                  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 6px;\r\n                  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 6px;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before{\r\n                  color: #EBEBEB;\r\n                  -webkit-box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 7px;\r\n                  box-shadow: inset 0px 0px 0px 7px;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg{\r\n                  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\r\n                  box-shadow: 0 0 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-3d-shadow{\r\n                  position: relative;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-3d-shadow:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-3d-shadow:after{\r\n                  content: '';\r\n                  position: absolute;\r\n                  bottom: 0;\r\n                  height: 30%;\r\n                  -webkit-box-shadow: 0 15px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\r\n                  box-shadow: 0 15px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\r\n                  z-index: 0;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-3d-shadow:before{\r\n                  left: 5px;\r\n                  right: 50%;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: skewY(-6deg);\r\n                  transform: skewY(-6deg);\r\n                  -webkit-transform-origin: 0 0;\r\n                  transform-origin: 0 0;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-3d-shadow:after{\r\n                  left: 50%;\r\n                  right: 5px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: skewY(6deg);\r\n                  transform: skewY(6deg);\r\n                  -webkit-transform-origin: 100% 0;\r\n                  transform-origin: 100% 0;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-3d-shadow .td_single_image_bg{\r\n                  z-index: 1;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-round,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow{\r\n                  border-radius: 50%;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-round .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after{\r\n                  border-radius: 50%;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after:before,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:before:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:before:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:before:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-outline .td_single_image_bg:after:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg:after:after,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg:after:after{\r\n                  border-radius: 50%;\r\n                }.td-single-image-style-circle .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-outline .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-shadow .td_single_image_bg,\r\n                .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow .td_single_image_bg{\r\n                  height: 0;\r\n                  padding-bottom: 100%;\r\n                }.vc_single_image .td_single_image_bg{\r\n                  width: 100%;\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                  background-size: cover;\r\n                }.tdi_17 .td_single_image_bg{\r\n\t\t\t\t\theight: 300px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpadding-bottom: 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-position: center top;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17:hover .td_single_image_bg:before{\r\n                    opacity: 0;\r\n                }@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                  .td-stretch-content .td_block_single_image {\r\n                    margin-right: -20px;\r\n                    margin-left: -20px;\r\n                  }\r\n                }@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-border,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-round-border,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-circle-border,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-outline,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-bordered-shadow,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-round-outline,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-round-border-shadow,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-circle-outline,\r\n                  .td-single-image-style-circle-border-shadow {\r\n                    margin-bottom: 32px;\r\n                  }\r\n                }\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_19  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span9\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_19{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_19 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_20 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_20\" >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_text_with_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 44px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                  transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                }.td_block_text_with_title p:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Julien Malizard<\/strong> holds the Chair of Defence Economics at the Institut des hautes \u00e9tudes de d\u00e9fense nationale (IHEDN).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">He holds a doctorate in economics and was awarded the IHEDN Dissertation Prize in 2011. His doctoral research was supported by a grant from the Direction G\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l'Armement (DGA).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">His research focuses mainly on defence budget policies, the economic impact of defence spending, arms exports and procurement strategies in the European context.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">He was guest editor for the 2019 special issue of <em>Defence and Peace Economics<\/em>, on French defence issues. He is the author of over 50 scientific contributions, including 23 articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and has given presentations at over 100 conferences, workshops and university seminars. He is regularly consulted by public and private decision-makers to contribute to political discussions on the defence industrial base in France and Europe.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">His recent publications include the article \u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry\u00bb, co-authored with Josselin Droff and Jade Guiberteau-Ricard, and published in Defence and Peace Economics.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">Alongside his research activities, Julien Malizard teaches defence economics at a number of French universities, including Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur, Universit\u00e9 Jean Moulin Lyon 3 and Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_button tdi_21 tdm-block-button-inline tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_21\"     >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdm_block.tdm_block_button{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button .tds-button{\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-inline{\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full,\r\n                .tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full .tdm-btn{\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_22{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #1467aa;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_22{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-family:Cabin !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Julien-Malizard\" \r\n                 title=\"Find out more\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_22\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">Find out more<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_24\"  style=\"height: 20px\"><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_25 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_25\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_25 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_25 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Josselin DROFF, researcher<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_27  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_27{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_27,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_27 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_27 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_29  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_29{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_29 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_single_image td_block_wrap  td-animation-stack td_block_wrap vc_single_image tdi_30  td-single-image- td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_30\"><span \r\n                            class=\"td_single_image_bg td-lazy-img\" \r\n                            data-type=\"css_image\" \r\n                            data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/visuela1.png\"  ><\/span>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_30 .td_single_image_bg{\r\n\t\t\t\t\theight: 300px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpadding-bottom: 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-position: center top;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_30:hover .td_single_image_bg:before{\r\n                    opacity: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_32  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span9\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_32{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_32 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_32 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_32 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_33 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_33\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Josselin Droff<\/strong> holds a doctorate in economics from the Universit\u00e9 de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and is a qualified lecturer (CNU, section 05, economics). During his thesis, he received funding from the DGA and the Ministry of Defence's Defence Economics Prize in 2015.<\/p>\n<p>His research focuses mainly on the geographical organisation of defence (in particular the organisation of the maintenance of equipment in operational condition and the restructuring of armed forces), at the intersection of geographical economics, industrial organisation and public economics. He also works on the economic consequences of external operations and issues of innovation in defence (conceptions of innovation, organisation of innovation and changes in modes of innovation). He has published a number of research articles in peer-reviewed journals and popular articles, and has organised national and international conferences on defence economics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_button tdi_34 tdm-block-button-inline tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_34\"     >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_35{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-family:Cabin !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/profile\/Josselin_Droff\" \r\n                 title=\"Find out more\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_35\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">Find out more<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_37\"  style=\"height: 20px\"><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_38 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_38\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_38 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_38 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Eva SZEGO, researcher<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_40  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_40{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_40,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_40 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_40 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_42  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span3\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_42{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_42 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_42 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_42 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_single_image td_block_wrap  td-animation-stack td_block_wrap vc_single_image tdi_43  td-single-image- td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_43\"><span \r\n                            class=\"td_single_image_bg td-lazy-img\" \r\n                            data-type=\"css_image\" \r\n                            data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Eva-SZEGO.jpg\"  ><\/span>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_43 .td_single_image_bg{\r\n\t\t\t\t\theight: 300px;\r\n\t\t\t\t\tpadding-bottom: 0;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-repeat: no-repeat;\r\n\t\t\t\t\r\n                background-position: center top;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_43:hover .td_single_image_bg:before{\r\n                    opacity: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_45  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span9\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_45{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_45 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_45 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_45 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_46 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_46\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Eva Szego<\/strong> has a doctorate in economics from ENSTA Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris. She completed her thesis as part of the AID\/DGA \u00abFIREBALL\u00bb school project, which focused on the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Her thesis work focused on the strategic autonomy of countries and the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into defence innovation. As part of her thesis, she used tools derived from network analysis applied to patent data, used as a proxy for technological innovation.<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">His research focuses mainly on defence innovation, at the intersection of defence economics and industrial economics.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_button tdi_47 tdm-block-button-inline tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_47\"     >\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_48{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-family:Cabin !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/eva-szego-81541714a\/?originalSubdomain=fr\" \r\n                 title=\"Find out more\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_48\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">Find out more<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_50\"  style=\"height: 20px\"><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_51 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_51\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_51 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_51 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Luka ALEKSIC, research assistant<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_53  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_53{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_53,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_53 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_53 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_55  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_55{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_55 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_55 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_55 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_56 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_56\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Luka Aleksic<\/strong> is an M2 Geopolitics student at the French Institute of Geopolitics (IFG) at the University of Paris 8. He has joined the Chair as an apprentice for the academic year 2024-2025. His work focuses mainly on value chains in the aerospace sector, particularly defence.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_57\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_58  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_58,\r\n                .tdi_58 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_58,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_58 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_58:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_58:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_60  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_60{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_60 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"wpb_wrapper td_block_empty_space td_block_wrap vc_empty_space tdi_62\"  style=\"height: 20px\"><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_63 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_63\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #ff2323;\r\n                border-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_63 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_63 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #ff2323;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">ASSOCIATE RESEARCHERS<\/span><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p>The Chair is associated with researchers who make occasional contributions to its work.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_65  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_65{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_65,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_65 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_65 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_67  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_67{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_67 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_68 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_68\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_68 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_68 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Friederike RICHTER<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_69 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_69\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Friederike Richter<\/strong> is a Doctor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science of the Bundeswehr University in Munich and at the Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po in Paris. She is also associated with the Strategic Research Institute of the \u00c9cole Militaire (IRSEM). During her thesis, she received a research grant from the Directorate General of International Relations and Strategy (DGRIS). Her research focuses on setting the agenda for security and defence policies. From the perspective of a comparative analysis of public policies, she is particularly interested in the mechanisms by which defence issues - such as European cooperation - become a priority for governments. She has published several articles and book chapters.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_71  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_71{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_71,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_71 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_71 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_73  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_73{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_73 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_74 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_74\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_74 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_74 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Hubert RAYMOND<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_75 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_75\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Hubert Raymond<\/strong> is Director of Innovation and of the GENERATE start-up accelerator, and Public Contracts Coordinator for GICAT. With a background in programme management at the DGA and in entrepreneurship, he is a specialist reserve staff officer (P135) at the 1st Division headquarters and a civilian auditor at the \u00c9cole de guerre-Terre (P138). Currently a doctoral student in public business law and European law at the University of Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne, his work focuses on the sovereignty of the State and the defence industry in defence contracts in the light of European integration.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_77  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_77{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_77,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_77 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_77 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_79  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_79{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_79 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_79 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_79 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_80 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_80\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_80 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_80 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Laure NO\u00cbL<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_81 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_81\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p align=\"justify\"><strong>Laure No\u00ebl<\/strong> is Deputy Head of the International Diagnosis and Forecasting Office at the French Treasury. A graduate of the Master's in International Affairs and Development (International Economic Diagnosis - 211) at the University of Paris Dauphine-PSL, she completed a year's apprenticeship with the Chair during her Master's 2 before being recruited as a researcher between September 2021 and June 2022. Her final dissertation was directly related to the work of the Chair and is entitled \u00abStrategic air capabilities in Europe: an analysis of States\u00bb preferences in the acquisition of combat aircraft since the end of the Cold War\". More generally, his work has focused on European defence, defence procurement processes and the defence industry.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_83  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_83{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_83,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_83 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_83 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_85  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_85{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_85 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_85 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_85 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_86 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_86\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_86 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_86 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Maxime MENUET<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_87 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_87\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Maxime Menuet <\/strong>is Professor of Economics at the Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d'Azur. After a bachelor's degree and two master's degrees (in macroeconomics\/finance and applied mathematics) at the University of Orl\u00e9ans, Maxime Menuet defended a thesis in economics in May 2018, entitled \u00abPublic debt, political equilibrium, and aggregate instability\u00bb under the supervision of Professor Patrick Villieu. This thesis was awarded the Banque de France Foundation prize (2019). His current research focuses on theoretical macroeconomics, the economics of conflict and defence, and the history of economic thought, and has led him to publish in international journals (Economic Theory, Annals of Economics and Statistics, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, etc.).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_89  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_89{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_89,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_89 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_89 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_91  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_91{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_91 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_91 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_91 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_92 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_92\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_92 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_92 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Ethan B. KAPSTEIN<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_93 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_93\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Ethan B. Kapstein<\/strong> is Director of the Empirical Conflict Studies Project at Princeton's School of Public and International Affairs, where he is also a Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer (with the rank of Professor). His research and teaching focus on the political economy of development, particularly in conflict-affected countries. His latest book, <em>Exporting Capitalism: Private Enterprise and US Foreign Policy<\/em> (Harvard University Press, 2022), traces US efforts to promote private sector development in developing countries. A previous book (written with Josh Busby), <em>AIDS Drugs for All: Social Movements and Market Transformations<\/em> (Cambridge University Press, 2013), was awarded the Don K. Price Award for Best Book from the Science, Technology and Environmental Studies Section of the American Political Science Association. A retired US naval officer, Ethan B. Kapstein is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He has received numerous grants and fellowships, including from the Department of Defense\/Minerva Research Initiative, the Smith Richardson Foundation and the World Bank.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_94\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_95  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_95,\r\n                .tdi_95 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_95,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_95 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_95 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_95:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_95:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_97  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_97{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_97 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_97 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_97 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_97 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_97 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_99  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_99{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_99,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_99 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_99 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_101  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_101{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_101 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_101 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_101 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_102 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_102\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_102 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_102 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Paul H\u00c9RAULT<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_103 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_103\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Paul H\u00e9rault<\/strong> is a doctor of economics from Paris Dauphine University. His doctoral thesis, prepared under the supervision of Jean-Marc Siro\u00ebn and defended in 2018, is entitled \u00abL'internationalisation des cha\u00eenes de valeur dans l'industrie de d\u00e9fense : le cas du naval\u00bb (The internationalisation of value chains in the defence industry: the case of the naval industry). Paul H\u00e9rault is currently head of the \u00abStrategic resource management\u00bb project at Naval Group and a leading expert at the IHEDN. He is also the author of several articles in defence and security journals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_104 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_104\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_104 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_104 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Joshua HENRY<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_105 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_105\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Joshua Henry<\/strong> is a finance consultant at Accuracy and a doctoral student in economics at the University of Montpellier. A graduate of HEC Paris and Sciences Po, he specialised in defence, working in particular on innovation and financing issues. His current research focuses on the link between conflict and corporate value.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_107  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_107{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_107,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_107 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_107 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_109  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_109{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_109 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_109 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_109 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_110 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_110\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_110 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_110 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Jade GUIBERTEAU RICARD<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_111 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_111\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Jade Guiberteau Ricard<\/strong> is a research assistant at <em>Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI)<\/em>. She has a master's degree in economics (Institut Polytechnique de Paris) and a master's degree in armed conflict expertise (Universit\u00e9 Paris 1 Panth\u00e9on-Sorbonne). She worked as a research assistant at the Chair between 2020 and 2023. Her work focuses on the defence industry in Europe. In particular, she wrote a dissertation, supervised by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard, entitled \u00abThe production of large surface ships as a revelation of strategic paradoxes in Europe\u00bb. She received a special mention in the Prix \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense from the French Ministry of Defence and the Prix de l'Amiral Daveluy from the French Navy.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_112 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_112\" >\n<style>\n.td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n                border-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_112 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_112 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #1e73be;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">Jordan BECKER<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_113 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_113\" ><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Jordan Becker<\/strong> is Director of the Social Sciences Research Lab at the United States Military Academy at West Point. He is a lieutenant colonel in the U.S. Army, in which he has served since 2001, most recently as U.S. liaison to the French Joint Staff. Previously, he served as Military Assistant\/Speechwriter to the Chairman of the NATO Military Committee, Defence Policy Advisor to the US Ambassador to NATO, Special Forces Detachment Commander and Infantry Platoon Leader. He is a transatlantic research associate at the Centre for Security Diplomacy and Strategy of the Brussels School of Governance and a research associate at Sciences Po\/CERI and IRSEM.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":564,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-389","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u00c9quipe - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/equipe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u00c9quipe - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/equipe\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-03-12T13:00:47+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"755\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"414\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Chaire_Ecodef\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"8 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/\",\"name\":\"\u00c9quipe - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-02-20T13:47:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-03-12T13:00:47+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"width\":755,\"height\":414},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/equipe\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\u00c9quipe\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense - IHEDN\",\"description\":\"Produire &amp; 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