{"id":771,"date":"2020-04-03T11:14:27","date_gmt":"2020-04-03T11:14:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/maintien-condition-operationnelle-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-03-20T18:22:49","modified_gmt":"2023-03-20T18:22:49","slug":"entreprises-de-defense","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/","title":{"rendered":"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"vc_row_inner tdi_8  vc_row vc_inner wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_8{\r\n                    position: relative !important;\r\n                    top: 0;\r\n                    transform: none;\r\n                    -webkit-transform: none;\r\n                }.tdi_8,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_8 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_8 .tdc-inner-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column_inner tdi_10  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-inner-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_10{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_10 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_10 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_10 .vc_column-inner > .wpb_wrapper .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column-inner\"><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_text_with_title tdi_11 tagdiv-type td-pb-border-top texte-cache td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_11\" >\n<style>\n.td_block_template_5 .td-block-title {\r\n                font-size: 16px;\r\n                font-weight: 500;\r\n                margin-top: 0;\r\n                margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n                color: var(--td_text_header_color, #000);\r\n                text-align: left;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                padding: 0 12px;\r\n                border-width: 0 0 0 4px;\r\n                border-style: solid;\r\n                border-color: var(--td_header_color, var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec));\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-filter,\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-dropdown {\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n            }\r\n            @media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title a {\r\n                    font-size: 15px;\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title:last-child {\r\n                border: none;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item {\r\n                color: var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec);\r\n            }\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_11{\nmargin-bottom:20px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.td_block_text_with_title{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 44px;\r\n                  -webkit-transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                  transform: translateZ(0);\r\n                }.td_block_text_with_title p:last-child{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">KNOWLEDGE OF DEFENCE COMPANIES: STRATEGIES, STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES<\/span><\/h4><\/div><div class=\"td_mod_wrap td-fix-index\"><p><strong>Characteristics of French defence companies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For a company, defence activities generate greater financing needs than civil activities (R&amp;D investment, personnel costs, financing of the operating cycle). It is more difficult to finance by traditional means, with companies self-financing part of their research and the public authorities making a significant contribution.<\/p>\n<p>Defence companies perform better in terms of exports and value added. They therefore contribute both to the balance of trade and to general economic activity.<\/p>\n<p>On the basis of an econometric study, we show that French defence companies do not have abnormal profits compared with other sectors, contrary to what is stated in some of the literature.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Defence companies at international level<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>With K. Hartley, we have brought together experts from the main international defence industries to describe and analyse the structure, conduct and performance of these industries since the end of the Cold War. Defence companies occupy an important place in the economic system of certain countries, they have a high impact on research and innovation and some are highly interdependent. In many countries, this industry has been privatised, market financing has been developed and their place in the innovation system has evolved. Each country has its own specific characteristics, but most are undergoing major restructuring of their industry.<\/p>\n<p>In Europe, companies are restructuring their activities and are becoming increasingly export-oriented. The main European defence equipment suppliers are demonstrating strategic orientations that are now underpinned by industrial and commercial logics similar to those of companies in the civilian sector. In addition, 75 % of the European companies studied are now listed on the stock exchange, and include institutional investors among their shareholders, requiring the implementation of a shareholder-type mode of governance.<\/p>\n<p>Information on the capital links between defence companies is difficult to obtain and care must be taken when interpreting the results. Nevertheless, the work carried out on the capital links between the Defence Industrial Base (DIB) of the European Union (EU) and the United States brings out some useful conclusions. In terms of the shareholders of defence companies, the national link is strong in Sweden, Spain and France, weaker in Germany and Italy, and particularly weak in the UK. Secondly, the links at European level are concentrated on Airbus, MBDA and KNDS, and are not very developed for the other companies. Finally, we note asymmetrical links with the United States and a significant presence of American investment funds.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Aeronautical subcontracting chains (civil and defence)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>We are analysing the changes in the production process in the aeronautical sector, which has led to the emergence of major subcontractors (stock management, R&amp;D, risk, etc.), but which has resulted in their fragility and lack of short-term profitability.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Technology transfer issues<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Today, governments want to master sovereignty technologies, which means acquiring the necessary knowledge. As a result, companies have adapted their offerings to meet customer demands and therefore provide training. An assessment of the risks of knowledge leakage associated with training as part of technology transfer contracts has been carried out. This work shows a differentiated representation of the risk of knowledge leakage according to the different categories of trainers, as well as an over-reliance on upstream control mechanisms.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_button tdi_12 tdm-block-button-inline tdm-content-horiz-left td-pb-border-top bouton-ouverture td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_12\"     >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_12{\npadding-top:0px !important;\npadding-right:0px !important;\npadding-bottom:0px !important;\npadding-left:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdm_block.tdm_block_button{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button .tds-button{\r\n                  line-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-inline{\r\n                  display: inline-block;\r\n                }.tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full,\r\n                .tdm_block.tdm_block_button.tdm-block-button-full .tdm-btn{\r\n                  display: block;\r\n                }\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_13{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tfont-size:12px !important;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"#\" \r\n                 title=\"LEARN MORE\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-lg tdi_13\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">LEARN MORE<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_14\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_15  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_15,\r\n                .tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_15,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_15 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_15:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_15:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_17  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_17{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_17 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_12 tdi_18 td_with_ajax_pagination td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-column-3\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_18\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_18{\npadding-top:60px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style><script>var block_tdi_18 = new tdBlock();\nblock_tdi_18.id = \"tdi_18\";\nblock_tdi_18.atts = '{\"m11_el\":\"50\",\"category_id\":\"351\",\"limit\":\"10\",\"ajax_pagination\":\"infinite\",\"tdc_css\":\"eyJhbGwiOnsicGFkZGluZy10b3AiOiI2MCIsImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifX0=\",\"block_type\":\"td_block_12\",\"separator\":\"\",\"custom_title\":\"\",\"custom_url\":\"\",\"block_template_id\":\"\",\"m11_tl\":\"\",\"post_ids\":\"\",\"taxonomies\":\"\",\"category_ids\":\"\",\"in_all_terms\":\"\",\"tag_slug\":\"\",\"autors_id\":\"\",\"installed_post_types\":\"\",\"include_cf_posts\":\"\",\"exclude_cf_posts\":\"\",\"sort\":\"\",\"popular_by_date\":\"\",\"linked_posts\":\"\",\"favourite_only\":\"\",\"offset\":\"\",\"open_in_new_window\":\"\",\"show_modified_date\":\"\",\"time_ago\":\"\",\"time_ago_add_txt\":\"ago\",\"time_ago_txt_pos\":\"\",\"review_source\":\"\",\"el_class\":\"\",\"td_ajax_filter_type\":\"\",\"td_ajax_filter_ids\":\"\",\"td_filter_default_txt\":\"All\",\"td_ajax_preloading\":\"\",\"f_header_font_header\":\"\",\"f_header_font_title\":\"Block header\",\"f_header_font_settings\":\"\",\"f_header_font_family\":\"\",\"f_header_font_size\":\"\",\"f_header_font_line_height\":\"\",\"f_header_font_style\":\"\",\"f_header_font_weight\":\"\",\"f_header_font_transform\":\"\",\"f_header_font_spacing\":\"\",\"f_header_\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_title\":\"Ajax categories\",\"f_ajax_font_settings\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_family\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_size\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_line_height\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_style\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_weight\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_transform\":\"\",\"f_ajax_font_spacing\":\"\",\"f_ajax_\":\"\",\"f_more_font_title\":\"Load more button\",\"f_more_font_settings\":\"\",\"f_more_font_family\":\"\",\"f_more_font_size\":\"\",\"f_more_font_line_height\":\"\",\"f_more_font_style\":\"\",\"f_more_font_weight\":\"\",\"f_more_font_transform\":\"\",\"f_more_font_spacing\":\"\",\"f_more_\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_header\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_title\":\"Article title\",\"m11f_title_font_settings\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_family\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_size\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_line_height\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_style\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_weight\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_transform\":\"\",\"m11f_title_font_spacing\":\"\",\"m11f_title_\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_title\":\"Article category tag\",\"m11f_cat_font_settings\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_family\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_size\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_line_height\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_style\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_weight\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_transform\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_font_spacing\":\"\",\"m11f_cat_\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_title\":\"Article meta info\",\"m11f_meta_font_settings\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_family\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_size\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_line_height\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_style\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_weight\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_transform\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_font_spacing\":\"\",\"m11f_meta_\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_title\":\"Article excerpt\",\"m11f_ex_font_settings\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_family\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_size\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_line_height\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_style\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_weight\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_transform\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_font_spacing\":\"\",\"m11f_ex_\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_title\":\"Article read more button\",\"m11f_btn_font_settings\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_family\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_size\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_line_height\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_style\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_weight\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_transform\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_font_spacing\":\"\",\"m11f_btn_\":\"\",\"ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe\":\"\",\"ajax_pagination_infinite_stop\":\"\",\"css\":\"\",\"td_column_number\":3,\"header_color\":\"\",\"color_preset\":\"\",\"border_top\":\"\",\"class\":\"tdi_18\",\"tdc_css_class\":\"tdi_18\",\"tdc_css_class_style\":\"tdi_18_rand_style\"}';\nblock_tdi_18.td_column_number = \"3\";\nblock_tdi_18.block_type = \"td_block_12\";\nblock_tdi_18.post_count = \"10\";\nblock_tdi_18.found_posts = \"21\";\nblock_tdi_18.header_color = \"\";\nblock_tdi_18.ajax_pagination_infinite_stop = \"\";\nblock_tdi_18.max_num_pages = \"3\";\ntdBlocksArray.push(block_tdi_18);\n<\/script><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><\/div><div id=\"tdi_18\" class=\"td_block_inner\">\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/implantation-de-nouvelles-entreprises-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-eva-szego-julien-malizard-et-lucie-beraud-sudreau-par-ares-group\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Setting up new defence companies in Europe: publication of an article by Josselin Droff, Eva Szego, Julien Malizard and Lucie B\u00e9raud-Sudreau via ARES Group\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Setting up new defence companies in Europe: publication of an article by Josselin Droff, Eva Szego, Julien Malizard and Lucie B\u00e9raud-Sudreau via ARES Group\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ARES-logo-7-5-324x235.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/ARES-logo-7-5.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/implantation-de-nouvelles-entreprises-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-eva-szego-julien-malizard-et-lucie-beraud-sudreau-par-ares-group\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Setting up new defence companies in Europe: publication of an article by Josselin Droff, Eva Szego, Julien Malizard and Lucie B\u00e9raud-Sudreau via ARES Group\">The establishment of new defence companies in Europe: publication of an article by Josselin...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2026-04-15T12:08:45+00:00\" >15 April 2026<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/implantation-de-nouvelles-entreprises-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-eva-szego-julien-malizard-et-lucie-beraud-sudreau-par-ares-group\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \r\nJosselin Droff, Eva Szego, Julien Malizard and Lucie B\u00e9raud-Sudreau publish the article \u00abBetween legacy and emergence: the spatial integration of New Defence companies in Europe's historical defence landscape\u00bb via ARES Group, IRIS (April 2026)\r\nJosselin Droff, Eva Szego and Julien Malizard, researchers at the Economics of Defence Chair...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/implantation-de-nouvelles-entreprises-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-eva-szego-julien-malizard-et-lucie-beraud-sudreau-par-ares-group\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/new-defence-et-politique-industrielle-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-la-chiare-dans-defense-industries-revue-de-la-frs\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"\u00abNew Defence\u00bb and defence industrial policy in Europe: publication of an article by Chiare in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the FRS magazine\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\u00abNew Defence\u00bb and defence industrial policy in Europe: publication of an article by Chiare in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the FRS magazine\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/DEFENSEIndustries-324x235.jpg\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/DEFENSEIndustries.jpg\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/new-defence-et-politique-industrielle-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-la-chiare-dans-defense-industries-revue-de-la-frs\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"\u00abNew Defence\u00bb and defence industrial policy in Europe: publication of an article by Chiare in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the FRS magazine\">\u00abNew Defence\u00bb and defence industrial policy in Europe: publication of an article by...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2026-02-19T09:07:52+00:00\" >19 February 2026<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/new-defence-et-politique-industrielle-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-la-chiare-dans-defense-industries-revue-de-la-frs\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \r\nJosselin Droff, Lucie B\u00e9raud-Sudreau, Eva Szego, Julien Malizard ulien Malizard publishes the article \"New Defence and defence industrial policy in Europe\", in issue 22 of Defence &amp; Industries, the journal of the Foundation for Strategic Research (FRS).\r\nJosselin Droff, Eva Szego and Julien Malizard, researchers at the Chaire \u00c9conomie...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/new-defence-et-politique-industrielle-de-defense-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-la-chiare-dans-defense-industries-revue-de-la-frs\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-influence-of-strategic-procurement-on-the-performance-of-the-european-naval-defense-industry-josselin-droff-jade-guiberteau-ricard-et-julien-malizard-dans-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"\u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau-Ricard and Julien Malizard in DPE\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau-Ricard and Julien Malizard in DPE\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DPE-2024-04-7-5-324x235.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DPE-2024-04-7-5-648x470.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-influence-of-strategic-procurement-on-the-performance-of-the-european-naval-defense-industry-josselin-droff-jade-guiberteau-ricard-et-julien-malizard-dans-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"\u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau-Ricard and Julien Malizard in DPE\">\u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2024-09-06T18:48:39+00:00\" >6 September 2024<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-influence-of-strategic-procurement-on-the-performance-of-the-european-naval-defense-industry-josselin-droff-jade-guiberteau-ricard-et-julien-malizard-dans-dpe\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau-Ricard and Julien Malizard publish an article in the journal Defence and Peace Economics\r\n\r\n\r\nJosselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau-Ricard and Julien Malizard publish the article \u00abThe Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry\u00bb in the journal Defence and Peace Economics.\r\n\r\nDrawing on...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-influence-of-strategic-procurement-on-the-performance-of-the-european-naval-defense-industry-josselin-droff-jade-guiberteau-ricard-et-julien-malizard-dans-dpe\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/evolution-des-conflits-et-reconfigurations-de-lindustrie-de-larmement-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-defenseindustrie-revue-de-la-frs\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Changes in conflicts and reconfigurations of the arms industry: publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the journal of the FRS.\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Changes in conflicts and reconfigurations of the arms industry: publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the journal of the FRS.\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/DEFENSEIndustries-324x235.jpg\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/DEFENSEIndustries.jpg\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/evolution-des-conflits-et-reconfigurations-de-lindustrie-de-larmement-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-defenseindustrie-revue-de-la-frs\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Changes in conflicts and reconfigurations of the arms industry: publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the journal of the FRS.\">Changes in conflicts and the reconfiguration of the arms industry: publication of an article by...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2024-06-18T11:02:05+00:00\" >18 June 2024<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/evolution-des-conflits-et-reconfigurations-de-lindustrie-de-larmement-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-defenseindustrie-revue-de-la-frs\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \r\nJosselin Droff and Julien Malizard have published the article \u00ab\u00c9volution des conflits et reconfigurations de l'industrie de l'armement : l'hypoth\u00e8se des deux march\u00e9s\u00bb, in issue 18 of D\u00e9fense &amp; Industries, the journal of the Fondation pour la recherche strat\u00e9gique (FRS).\r\nFor more than two years and the war launched...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/evolution-des-conflits-et-reconfigurations-de-lindustrie-de-larmement-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-defenseindustrie-revue-de-la-frs\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/pourquoi-nous-ne-sommes-pas-encore-en-economie-de-guerre-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-the-conversation\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Why we don&#039;t have a war economy (yet): publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in The Conversation\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Why we don&#039;t have a war economy (yet): publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in The Conversation\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-17-121305-324x235.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/Capture-decran-2024-07-17-121305-648x470.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/pourquoi-nous-ne-sommes-pas-encore-en-economie-de-guerre-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-the-conversation\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Why we don&#039;t have a war economy (yet): publication of an article by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard in The Conversation\">Why we are not (yet) in a war economy: publication of an article...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2024-05-21T17:57:51+00:00\" >21 May 2024<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/pourquoi-nous-ne-sommes-pas-encore-en-economie-de-guerre-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-the-conversation\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \r\nJosselin Droff and Julien Malizard have published the article \u00abWhy we are not (yet) in a war economy\u00bb in The Conversation.\r\nThe \u00abdemand shock\u00bb after February 2022 means that industrial supply will have to adapt. We are in a situation where supply is relatively inelastic...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/pourquoi-nous-ne-sommes-pas-encore-en-economie-de-guerre-publication-dun-article-de-josselin-droff-et-julien-malizard-dans-the-conversation\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/rentabilite-des-entreprises-de-defense-aux-etats-unis-et-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-jean-belin-dans-defence-and-peace-economics-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Profitability of defence contractors in the United States and Europe: publication of an article by Jean Belin in Defence and Peace Economics (DPE)\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Profitability of defence contractors in the United States and Europe: publication of an article by Jean Belin in Defence and Peace Economics (DPE)\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DPE-2024-04-7-5-324x235.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/DPE-2024-04-7-5-648x470.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/rentabilite-des-entreprises-de-defense-aux-etats-unis-et-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-jean-belin-dans-defence-and-peace-economics-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Profitability of defence contractors in the United States and Europe: publication of an article by Jean Belin in Defence and Peace Economics (DPE)\">Profitability of defence contractors in the United States and Europe: publication of an article...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2024-03-15T07:00:41+00:00\" >15 March 2024<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/rentabilite-des-entreprises-de-defense-aux-etats-unis-et-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-jean-belin-dans-defence-and-peace-economics-dpe\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    Jean Belin has published an article co-authored with Mahdi Fawaz (senior lecturer at Sorbonne Paris Nord University) in Defence and Peace Economics (DPE), entitled \u00abProfitability of Defense Companies in the US and Europe\u00bb.\r\n\r\nThe profitability of American and European defence companies is influenced by the profitability of their...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/rentabilite-des-entreprises-de-defense-aux-etats-unis-et-en-europe-publication-dun-article-de-jean-belin-dans-defence-and-peace-economics-dpe\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-political-economy-of-military-aircraft-the-case-of-europe-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"\u00abThe Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau, Camille Laville, Julien Malizard and Laure No\u00ebl in DPE\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"\u00abThe Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau, Camille Laville, Julien Malizard and Laure No\u00ebl in DPE\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPE-2024-01-7-5-324x235.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/DPE-2024-01-7-5-648x470.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-political-economy-of-military-aircraft-the-case-of-europe-dpe\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"\u00abThe Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau, Camille Laville, Julien Malizard and Laure No\u00ebl in DPE\">\u00abThe Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe\u00bb Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau,...<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2024-01-04T17:36:25+00:00\" >4 January 2024<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-political-economy-of-military-aircraft-the-case-of-europe-dpe\/#respond\">0<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    Josselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau, Camille Laville, Julien Malizard and Laure No\u00ebl publish an article in the journal Defence and Peace Economics\r\n\r\n\r\nJosselin Droff, Jade Guiberteau, Camille Laville, Julien Malizard and Laure No\u00ebl have published an article entitled \u00abThe Political Economy of Military Aircraft, the Case of Europe\u00bb in the journal...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/the-political-economy-of-military-aircraft-the-case-of-europe-dpe\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/crise-des-sous-marins-article-de-julien-malizard-et-josselin-droff-dans-the-conversation\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Submarine crisis: Article by Julien Malizard and Josselin Droff in The Conversation\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Submarine crisis: Article by Julien Malizard and Josselin Droff in The Conversation\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2019_mcbg_087_a_001_005-324x235.jpg\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/2019_mcbg_087_a_001_005-648x470.jpg\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/crise-des-sous-marins-article-de-julien-malizard-et-josselin-droff-dans-the-conversation\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Submarine crisis: Article by Julien Malizard and Josselin Droff in The Conversation\">Submarine crisis: Article by Julien Malizard and Josselin Droff in The Conversation<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2021-10-28T12:31:41+00:00\" >28 October 2021<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/crise-des-sous-marins-article-de-julien-malizard-et-josselin-droff-dans-the-conversation\/#comments\">2<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \nJulien Malizard, Deputy Chairholder, and Josselin Droff, researcher at the Chair, are the authors of an article entitled \"Australian submarines: the French arms export model in question\", published in The Conversation.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nJulien Malizard and Josselin Droff have published an article in The Conversation on the issue of the cancelled sale of...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/crise-des-sous-marins-article-de-julien-malizard-et-josselin-droff-dans-the-conversation\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/impact-economique-de-la-defense\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"Economic impact of defence\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"Economic impact of defence\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/impact-\u00e9conomique-324x231.png\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/05\/impact-\u00e9conomique.png\" width=\"324\" height=\"231\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/impact-economique-de-la-defense\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"Economic impact of defence\">Economic impact of defence<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/bertrand\/\">Bertrand Demandre<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2020-05-27T14:49:23+00:00\" >27 May 2020<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/impact-economique-de-la-defense\/#comments\">1<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \nJean Belin and Julien Malizard, Chairholder and Deputy Chairholder\n\n\n\nIntroduction\n\n\n\nThe health crisis has triggered a global economic crisis. Every continent and every country has been affected. To mitigate the effects of the crisis on our economy, an economic emergency plan has been put in place in France,...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/impact-economique-de-la-defense\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 -->\n\n\t<div class=\"td-block-span12\">\n\r\n        <div class=\"td_module_11 td_module_wrap td-animation-stack\">\r\n            <div class=\"td-module-thumb\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/mco-4-0-nouvelles-technologies-et-maintien-en-condition-operationnelle\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" class=\"td-image-wrap\" title=\"MCO 4.0: new technologies and maintenance in operational condition\" ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"entry-thumb\" src=\"data:image\/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAUQAAADrAQMAAAArGX0KAAAAA1BMVEWurq51dlI4AAAAAXRSTlMmkutdmwAAACBJREFUaN7twTEBAAAAwiD7pzbEXmAAAAAAAAAAAACQHSaOAAGSp1GBAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC\" alt=\"\" title=\"MCO 4.0: new technologies and maintenance in operational condition\" data-type=\"image_tag\" data-img-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/saf2016_0195216-324x235.jpg\" data-img-retina-url=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/saf2016_0195216-648x470.jpg\" width=\"324\" height=\"235\" \/><\/a><\/div>\r\n            <div class=\"item-details\">\r\n                <h3 class=\"entry-title td-module-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/mco-4-0-nouvelles-technologies-et-maintien-en-condition-operationnelle\/\"  rel=\"bookmark\" title=\"MCO 4.0: new technologies and maintenance in operational condition\">MCO 4.0: new technologies and maintenance in operational condition<\/a><\/h3>\r\n                <div class=\"td-module-meta-info\">\r\n                                        <span class=\"td-post-author-name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/author\/dev\/\">dev<\/a> <span>-<\/span> <\/span>                    <span class=\"td-post-date\"><time class=\"entry-date updated td-module-date\" datetime=\"2019-04-09T00:00:00+00:00\" >9 April 2019<\/time><\/span>                    <span class=\"td-module-comments\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/mco-4-0-nouvelles-technologies-et-maintien-en-condition-operationnelle\/#comments\">3<\/a><\/span>                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-excerpt\">\r\n                    \n\n\n\n\nJosselin Droff, Researcher at the Chaire \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense and Benoit Rademacher, Director of the Armaments and Defence Economics Department at IRSEM, have published a study entitled \"MCO 4.0. Le potentiel des technologies de l'industrie 4.0 appliqu\u00e9es au Maintien en Condition Op\u00e9rationnelle (MCO) des mat\u00e9riels de d\u00e9fense\" (study no. 65 of...                <\/div>\r\n\r\n                <div class=\"td-read-more\">\r\n                    <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/mco-4-0-nouvelles-technologies-et-maintien-en-condition-operationnelle\/\">Read more<\/a>\r\n                <\/div>\r\n            <\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n\r\n        \n\t<\/div> <!-- .\/td-block-span12 --><\/div><div class=\"td_ajax_infinite\" id=\"next-page-tdi_18\" data-td_block_id=\"tdi_18\"> <\/div><div class=\"td-load-more-wrap td-load-more-infinite-wrap\" id=\"infinite-lm-tdi_18\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"td_ajax_load_more td_ajax_load_more_js\" aria-label=\"See more\" id=\"next-page-tdi_18\" data-td_block_id=\"tdi_18\">See more<i class=\"td-icon-font td-icon-menu-down\"><\/i><\/a><\/div><\/div> <!-- .\/block --><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":564,"parent":483,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-771","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-03-20T18:22:49+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@Chaire_Ecodef\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/\",\"name\":\"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2020-04-03T11:14:27+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-03-20T18:22:49+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/02\\\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg\",\"width\":755,\"height\":414},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/entreprises-de-defense\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Accueil\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Th\u00e9matiques\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/thematiques\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/\",\"name\":\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense - IHEDN\",\"description\":\"Produire &amp; soutenir, f\u00e9d\u00e9rer &amp; diffuser, \u00eatre une interface\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/logoEcodef9.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2020\\\/04\\\/logoEcodef9.jpg\",\"width\":410,\"height\":212,\"caption\":\"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/x.com\\\/Chaire_Ecodef\",\"https:\\\/\\\/www.linkedin.com\\\/company\\\/chaire-ecodef-ihedn\\\/\"]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN","og_url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/","og_site_name":"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN","article_modified_time":"2023-03-20T18:22:49+00:00","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_site":"@Chaire_Ecodef","twitter_misc":{"Estimated reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/","url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/","name":"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg","datePublished":"2020-04-03T11:14:27+00:00","dateModified":"2023-03-20T18:22:49+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/ecole-militaire-paris-1.jpg","width":755,"height":414},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/entreprises-de-defense\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Accueil","item":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Th\u00e9matiques","item":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/thematiques\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Entreprises de d\u00e9fense"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#website","url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/","name":"Chair in Defence Economics - IHEDN","description":"Produce &amp; support, federate &amp; disseminate, act as an interface","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#organization","name":"Chair in Defence Economics - IHEDN","url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/logoEcodef9.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/04\/logoEcodef9.jpg","width":410,"height":212,"caption":"Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/x.com\/Chaire_Ecodef","https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/company\/chaire-ecodef-ihedn\/"]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=771"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7718,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/771\/revisions\/7718"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/483"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}