{"id":8842,"date":"2025-06-17T14:43:21","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T14:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/?page_id=8842"},"modified":"2026-06-05T10:23:29","modified_gmt":"2026-06-05T10:23:29","slug":"bulletin-de-lecodef","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/bulletin-de-lecodef\/","title":{"rendered":"ECODEF newsletter"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"tdi_1\" class=\"tdc-zone\"><div class=\"tdc_zone tdi_2  wpb_row td-pb-row\"  >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_2{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }\n<\/style><div id=\"tdi_3\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_4  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_4,\r\n                .tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_4,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_4:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_4:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_6  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span12\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_6{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_6 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"td_block_wrap td_block_title tdi_7 td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5 td-fix-index\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_7\" >\n<style>\n.td_block_template_5 .td-block-title {\r\n                font-size: 16px;\r\n                font-weight: 500;\r\n                margin-top: 0;\r\n                margin-bottom: 26px;\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n                color: var(--td_text_header_color, #000);\r\n                text-align: left;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                padding: 0 12px;\r\n                border-width: 0 0 0 4px;\r\n                border-style: solid;\r\n                border-color: var(--td_header_color, var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec));\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-filter,\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-subcat-dropdown {\r\n                line-height: 25px;\r\n            }\r\n            @media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title a {\r\n                    font-size: 15px;\r\n                }\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title:last-child {\r\n                border: none;\r\n            }\r\n            .td_block_template_5 .td-related-title .td-cur-simple-item {\r\n                color: var(--td_theme_color, #4db2ec);\r\n            }\r\n            \r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-pulldown-filter-link:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-item a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-item .td-cur-simple-item,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more span,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-subcat-dropdown:hover .td-subcat-more i {\r\n                color: #dd3333;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-block-title > * {\r\n                border-color: #dd3333;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            \r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td_module_wrap:hover .entry-title a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td_quote_on_blocks,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-cat .td-post-category:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-read .td-read-more a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-opacity-author .td-post-author-name a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-instagram-user a {\r\n                color: #dd3333;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-next-prev-wrap a:hover,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-load-more-wrap a:hover {\r\n                background-color: #dd3333;\r\n                border-color: #dd3333;\r\n            }\r\n\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-read-more a,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-weather-information:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-weather-week:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-exchange-header:before,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .td-footer-wrapper .tdi_7 .td-post-category,\r\n            .td-theme-wrap .tdi_7 .td-post-category:hover {\r\n                background-color: #dd3333;\r\n            }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-title-wrap\"><h4 class=\"td-block-title\"><span class=\"td-pulldown-size\">ECODEF NEWSLETTER<\/span><\/h4><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"tdi_8\" class=\"tdc-row\"><div class=\"vc_row tdi_9  wpb_row td-pb-row\" >\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_9,\r\n                .tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n                    min-height: 0;\r\n                }.tdi_9,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9 .tdc-columns{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_9:before,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_9:after{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: table;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"vc_column tdi_11  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span7\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdi_11{\r\n                    vertical-align: baseline;\r\n                }.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper,\r\n\t\t\t\t.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    display: block;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .tdc-elements{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: 100%;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper > .vc_row_inner{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}.tdi_11 > .wpb_wrapper{\r\n\t\t\t\t    width: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t    height: auto;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"wpb_wrapper\" ><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_text_image tdi_12 td-animation-stack tdm-text-image-extend-img tdm-layout-12-12 tdm-content-horiz-left tdm-content-vert-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_12\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_12{\nmargin-bottom:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n.tdm_block_text_image .tdm-text-wrap{\r\n                  padding-top: 20px;\r\n                  padding-bottom: 20px;\r\n                }.tdm_block_text_image .tdm-descr{\r\n                  margin-bottom: 0;\r\n                }.tdm_block_text_image .tds-button{\r\n                  margin-top: 30px;\r\n                }@media (min-width: 767px) {\r\n                  .tdm_block_text_image.tdm-text-image-extend-img {\r\n                    margin-right: calc((-100vw + 100%) \/ 2);\r\n                  }\r\n                  .tdm_block_text_image.tdm-text-image-extend-img.tdm-flip-yes {\r\n                    margin-right: 0;\r\n                    margin-left: calc((-100vw + 100%) \/ 2);\r\n                  }\r\n                  .tdm_block_text_image.tdm-text-image-extend-img.tdm-flip-yes .tdm-col-img {\r\n                    text-align: right;\r\n                  }\r\n                }@media (max-width: 767px) {\r\n                  .tdm_block_text_image .tdm-col-img {\r\n                    margin-top: 36px;\r\n                  }\r\n                  .tdm_block_text_image.tdm-flip-yes .tdm-col-img {\r\n                    margin-top: 0;\r\n                    margin-bottom: 15px;\r\n                  }\r\n                }\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-width tdm-fix-full\"><div class=\"td-block-row tdm-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tdm-text-wrap tdm-text-padding\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_13 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_13\"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\">N\u00b05 - May 2026<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"tdm-descr td-fix-index\">Summary of the round table \u00abArmaments markets: new needs, new players, new strategies\u00bb (PDSF 2026)<\/p>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_14:before{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ee1c25;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_14{\r\n                    padding: 20px;\r\n                    height: auto;\r\n                    line-height: 1;\r\n                }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/2026-05-Bulletin-de-lECODEF-N5.pdf\" \r\n                 title=\"See in PDF format\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_14\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">See in PDF format<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col tdm-col-img\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_text_image tdi_15 td-animation-stack tdm-text-image-extend-img tdm-layout-12-12 tdm-content-horiz-left tdm-content-vert-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_15\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_15{\nmargin-bottom:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-width tdm-fix-full\"><div class=\"td-block-row tdm-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tdm-text-wrap tdm-text-padding\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_16 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_16\"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\">N\u00b04 - February 2026<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"tdm-descr td-fix-index\">Summary of the annual conference on \"Rearming Europe\" (Assembl\u00e9e nationale, 19 November 2025)<\/p>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_17:before{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ee1c25;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_17{\r\n                    padding: 20px;\r\n                    height: auto;\r\n                    line-height: 1;\r\n                }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/2026-02-Bulletin-de-lECODEF-N4.pdf\" \r\n                 title=\"See in PDF format\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_17\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">See in PDF format<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col tdm-col-img\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_text_image tdi_18 td-animation-stack tdm-text-image-extend-img tdm-layout-12-12 tdm-content-horiz-left tdm-content-vert-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_18\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_18{\nmargin-bottom:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-width tdm-fix-full\"><div class=\"td-block-row tdm-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tdm-text-wrap tdm-text-padding\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_19 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_19\"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\">No.3 - November 2025<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"tdm-descr td-fix-index\">\"Defence budgets in France: past and future trends (Julien MALIZARD)<\/p>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_20:before{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ee1c25;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_20{\r\n                    padding: 20px;\r\n                    height: auto;\r\n                    line-height: 1;\r\n                }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/2025-11-Bulletin-de-lECODEF-N3.pdf\" \r\n                 title=\"See in PDF format\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_20\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">See in PDF format<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col tdm-col-img\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_text_image tdi_21 td-animation-stack tdm-text-image-extend-img tdm-layout-12-12 tdm-content-horiz-left tdm-content-vert-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_21\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_21{\nmargin-bottom:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-width tdm-fix-full\"><div class=\"td-block-row tdm-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tdm-text-wrap tdm-text-padding\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_22 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_22\"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\">No.2 - September 2025<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"tdm-descr td-fix-index\">\"Measuring strategic autonomy through innovation (Eva SZEGO)<\/p>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_23:before{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ee1c25;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_23{\r\n                    padding: 20px;\r\n                    height: auto;\r\n                    line-height: 1;\r\n                }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/2025-09-Bulletin-de-lECODEF-N2.pdf\" \r\n                 title=\"See in PDF format\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_23\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">See in PDF format<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col tdm-col-img\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"tdm_block td_block_wrap tdm_block_text_image tdi_24 td-animation-stack tdm-text-image-extend-img tdm-layout-12-12 tdm-content-horiz-left tdm-content-vert-center td-pb-border-top td_block_template_5\"  data-td-block-uid=\"tdi_24\" >\n<style>\n\n\/* inline tdc_css att - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\n\n.tdi_24{\nmargin-bottom:0px !important;\n}\n\n<\/style><div class=\"td-block-width tdm-fix-full\"><div class=\"td-block-row tdm-row\"><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col\"><div class=\"tdm-text-wrap tdm-text-padding\">\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_25 .tdm-title{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tcolor: #000000;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-title tds-title1 td-fix-index tdi_25\"><h3 class=\"tdm-title tdm-title-sm\">No.1 - June 2025<\/h3><\/div><p class=\"tdm-descr td-fix-index\">Summary of the annual conference on \"LPM 2024-2030: what economic and social impact?<\/p>\n<style>\n\/* custom css - generated by TagDiv Composer *\/\nbody .tdi_26:before{\r\n\t\t\t\t\tbackground-color: #ee1c25;\r\n\t\t\t\t}\n\n\/* portrait *\/\n@media (min-width: 768px) and (max-width: 1018px){\n.tdi_26{\r\n                    padding: 20px;\r\n                    height: auto;\r\n                    line-height: 1;\r\n                }\n}\n<\/style><div class=\"tds-button td-fix-index\"><a \r\n                href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/2025-06-Bulletin-de-lECODEF-N1.pdf\" \r\n                 title=\"See in PDF format\"\r\n                class=\"tds-button1 tdm-btn tdm-btn-sm tdi_26\"  target=\"_blank\" ><span class=\"tdm-btn-text\">See in PDF format<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"td-block-span6 tdm-col tdm-col-img\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"vc_column tdi_28  wpb_column vc_column_container tdc-column td-pb-span5\">\n<style scoped>\n\/* custom css - 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