{"id":3387,"date":"2021-05-26T12:28:30","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T12:28:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/?p=3387"},"modified":"2022-07-13T08:01:42","modified_gmt":"2022-07-13T08:01:42","slug":"quelle-politique-industrielle-europeenne-de-defense-face-aux-defis-a-relever-synthese-de-la-conference-du-2-decembre-2020","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/quelle-politique-industrielle-europeenne-de-defense-face-aux-defis-a-relever-synthese-de-la-conference-du-2-decembre-2020\/","title":{"rendered":"[SYNTH\u00c8SE] Conf\u00e9rence annuelle \u00ab\u00a0Quelle politique industrielle europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense face aux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever ?\u00a0\u00bb (2 d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00c9cole militaire)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u00abWhat kind of European defence industrial policy to meet the challenges ahead? This was the theme of the<strong>he annual conference of the Economics of Defence Chair - IHEDN, which <\/strong>was held on 2 December 2020 in Paris (\u00c9cole militaire, <strong>Foch amphitheatre<\/strong>) and was broadcast live. Here is a summary of the debates and a detailed report.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1024x576.png\" alt=\"La conf\u00e9rence annuelle de la Chaire \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense - IHEDN intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Quelle politique industrielle europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense face aux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever ? \u00bb s\u2019est tenue le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 l\u2019amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre Foch (Ecole militaire, Paris) et a \u00e9t\u00e9 retransmise en vid\u00e9o. Nous vous proposons une synth\u00e8se de cette conf\u00e9rence ainsi qu\u2019un compte rendu plus d\u00e9taill\u00e9.\" class=\"wp-image-3389\" srcset=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1024x576.png 1024w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-300x169.png 300w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-768x432.png 768w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1536x864.png 1536w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-696x392.png 696w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1392x783.png 1392w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1068x601.png 1068w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-747x420.png 747w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8-1493x840.png 1493w, https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/Ecodef-8.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>After the introductory remarks by Professor <strong>Christian de Boissieu<\/strong>, Chairman of the Scientific Advisory Board of the Chair and Lieutenant General <strong>Patrick Destremau<\/strong>, Director of IHEDN and Higher Military Education (EMS), <strong>Olivier Martin<\/strong>, Chairman of the Chair's Steering Committee launched <a href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/replay-conference-annuelle-decembre-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">the conference<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The first round table, entitled \u00abWhy implement a European defence industrial policy? <strong>Jean Belin<\/strong> (Ecodef Chair - IHEDN), brought together the Senator <strong>H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Conway-Mouret<\/strong>, member of the Senate Foreign Affairs, Defence and Armed Forces Committee, <strong>Thomas Gomart<\/strong>, Director of IFRI, <strong>Camille Grand<\/strong>, NATO's Assistant Secretary General for Defence Investment, and <strong>Antoine Bouvier<\/strong>, Director of Strategy, Mergers &amp; Acquisitions and Public Affairs at Airbus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Timo Pesonen<\/strong>, Director General for Defence Industry and Space at the European Commission, then presented the European Union's vision of a European defence industrial policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second round table, entitled \u00abWhat kind of European defence industrial policy is desirable and feasible? <strong>Julien Malizard<\/strong>, Deputy Chair, brought together <strong>Fran\u00e7ois Mestre<\/strong>, Head of the DGA's Industrial Affairs and Economic Intelligence Department, <strong>St\u00e9phane Mayer<\/strong>, Chairman of CIDEF,<strong> Philippe Duhamel<\/strong>, Executive Vice President, Defence Mission Systems at Thales,<strong> Herv\u00e9 Guillou<\/strong>, Chairman of GICAN, and <strong>Kuldar V\u00e4\u00e4rsi<\/strong>, Managing Director of Milrem Robotics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Florence Parly<\/strong>, Minister for the Armed Forces, concluded the conference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-css-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What kind of European defence industrial policy to meet the challenges ahead?<\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>This question covers two areas:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Why implement a defence industrial policy?<\/li><li>Why should this defence industrial policy be part of a European framework?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>At a national level, industrial policy usually has strategic implications for the sectors in question (energy, transport, health, food, defence, etc.) and economic implications (jobs, exports, regional development). But defence industrial policy - in terms of its objectives and its nature - is different from other industrial policies in that it can serve an additional objective: that of sovereignty, which can be defined by a threefold freedom of assessment, decision and action. Defence industrial policy must therefore provide <strong>a technological and capability-based response <em>in fine<\/em> to this objective of industrial sovereignty<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While it is accepted that the European level must take account of strategic and economic issues, the issue of sovereignty in the field of defence has always given rise to debate in Europe. After having been a de facto national domain, with the Union having long had no prerogatives in defence matters, an important development has emerged, particularly since the publication of the report on the Union's global strategy in June 2016, which makes strategic autonomy a Community objective and not just an objective of each Member State.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In this new context, the introduction of a European defence industrial policy is justified for several reasons:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A reason of order <strong>policy&nbsp;<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>After justice and currency, defence is the last of the major sovereign competences to enter the field of reflection to be shared at Community level. Today, this defence industrial policy is considered, at least by France, to be a key element of the Union's defence policy, an important component of an autonomous and sovereign political Europe. Given the current position of most of France's European defence partners, the approach must be pragmatic and we need to take small steps. Recent progress gives us hope of a breakthrough in this area: the inclusion of defence in the portfolio of a European Commissioner, the launch of the \u00abstrategic compass\u00bb exercise, the European Defence Fund, and so on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A reason of order <strong>strategic<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>If Europe wishes to position itself as a global powerhouse, capable of dealing with the direct threats it faces (new nuclear age, jihadism, the return of power-states such as Russia, Turkey, China, etc.), Europe must take more autonomous responsibility for its own security. It must therefore have the means to offer this autonomy of assessment, decision and action, thanks in particular to controlled military capabilities delivered by a sovereign industrial tool, the fruit of a defence industrial policy that is both national and European.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>A reason of order <strong>economic&nbsp;<\/strong>:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The development of certain sovereign military capabilities requires, first and foremost, access to technologies that may require investments that would be difficult for a single nation to support (e.g. semi-conductors). Similarly, their development may require joint funding from several countries, leading to European cooperation programmes (e.g. Future Air Combat System (SCAF), MALE UAVs, long-range air defence, etc.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, it should be emphasised that defence spending should not be considered as a \u00abcost centre\u00bb but as a \u00abprofit centre\u00bb. Defence spending not only helps to ensure the security of nations (the economic value of which is obviously very high and difficult to measure), but also stimulates innovation, productivity, exports and the development of the industrial fabric as a whole. A consensus has even emerged on the multiplier effect of defence investment and its impact on economic growth. One euro invested in defence would return 2 euros after 10 years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And so, <strong>defence has become a priority for the European Union<\/strong>, which is much better equipped today than it was in the past, with the creation of the <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/info\/departments\/defence-industry-and-space_fr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">DG DEFIS<\/a>, 8 billion over seven years, and effective cooperation with the European Defence Agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is also worth highlighting<strong> the complementarity between the establishment of a European defence industrial policy and NATO's objectives<\/strong>. In fact, this implementation is part of a common strategic environment and responds to a shared desire on the part of its members to increase the budget devoted to defence and to better share the effort. Furthermore, this industrial policy will not interfere with NATO insofar as the latter is not developing a specific industrial policy in this area. On the other hand, its implementation does raise a number of questions, particularly with regard to the participation of companies and third countries in projects supported by the EDF and the more general development of the relationship between NATO and the EU around these industrial, technological and capability issues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Now that the desirability of establishing a European defence industrial policy has been confirmed, it is time to define the nature of the policy that it would be desirable and feasible to implement. This industrial policy will essentially be based on<strong> common approach of the States<\/strong> and a <strong>cooperation between industrial partners<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First of all, the Member States need to agree on the operational capabilities and associated weapons systems that they wish to control autonomously, both in terms of their development and their use. While the \u00abstrategic compass\u00bb exercise recently launched at EU level could help to define these future operational capabilities, agreement on the level of operational autonomy required remains to be defined between the States. It is clear that this issue will give rise to divergences between European countries, each of which does not have equivalent needs in terms of the level of autonomy required.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once these elements have been defined, the Member States will be able to ensure, via the EDF in particular :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>the development of the innovations and technologies needed for future weapons systems to be developed in Europe, particularly those involving industrial cooperation between several countries; ;<\/li><li>the development of weapons systems, which will be the subject of European cooperation programmes.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>The conditions for successful industrial cooperation depend first and foremost on the <strong>combination of several factors<\/strong>&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>a coherent political will on the part of the countries involved to commit to cooperation;<\/li><li>a common operational need ;<\/li><li>a clear identification of what is likely to be shared and an agreement on the conditions for sharing between the States and industrialists concerned;<\/li><li>a stable programming and financial environment, particularly given the duration of these programmes;<\/li><li>Efficient industrial implementation, using a competitive approach where possible, or a combination of national champions selected in their respective areas of excellence, both in terms of system prime contracting and sub-systems and equipment.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>European defence industrial policy must first and foremost<strong> supporting innovation based on a multi-sector vision<\/strong> encompassing strategic needs in related sectors (defence, space, telecommunications, energy, transport, etc.). Industrial prime contractors also need to be able to rely on a network of efficient and agile SMEs, capable of capturing and bringing to the fore as early as possible the breakthrough innovations and critical technologies needed to develop future weapons systems. However, the environment in which defence companies operate is <strong>in the throes of change<\/strong>&nbsp;Civilian technologies, particularly digital technologies, are increasingly used in weapons systems, and the European defence industry should be able to rely on a dynamic European industry that is competitive at world level in the field of civilian technologies. Here again, the European Union can play a major role.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It is therefore essential that the actions taken at European level make it possible to <strong>help these European champions emerge<\/strong> at all levels by avoiding the dispersal of skills and by adapting the rules governing the acquisition of defence equipment. These new rules should also make it possible to take account of the speed at which innovations evolve and ensure their controlled integration into weapons systems throughout their life cycle.  The EDF is therefore an interesting first lever in terms of industrial policy and cooperation. It could act as a catalyst for European defence industrial policy, in particular by rationalising procurement policy by limiting duplication of programmes. Through its ability to create <em>consortia<\/em>, This will enable the emergence of large industrial groups, as well as high-calibre mid-sized subcontractors. Finally, given the size of the European market, it is essential that products developed in cooperation can <strong>addressing the export market<\/strong>. As harmonisation of export policies between European countries seems an unrealistic objective, we need to ensure that the exportability of products developed in cooperation is guaranteed by a specific agreement between the partner countries of this cooperation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link\" href=\"https:\/\/ecodef-ihedn.fr\/en\/chaire-ecodef-ihedn-cr-conference-annuelle-du-02-12-2020\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>download the detailed report<\/strong> <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab\u00a0Quelle politique industrielle europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense face aux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever ?\u00a0\u00bb C&rsquo;est sur ce th\u00e8me qu&rsquo;a port\u00e9 la conf\u00e9rence annuelle de la Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense &#8211; IHEDN, qui s\u2019est tenue le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 Paris (\u00c9cole militaire, amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre Foch) et a \u00e9t\u00e9 retransmise en direct. Nous vous proposons une synth\u00e8se des d\u00e9bats [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3389,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[34,355],"tags":[41,163,116,178,156,90],"class_list":{"0":"post-3387","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-activites","8":"category-activites-evenements-portes-par-la-chaire","9":"tag-conference","10":"tag-conference-annuelle","11":"tag-economie-de-la-defense","12":"tag-europe","13":"tag-europe-de-la-defense","14":"tag-newsletter"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>[SYNTH\u00c8SE] Conf\u00e9rence annuelle &quot;Quelle politique industrielle europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense face aux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever ?&quot; (2 d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9cole militaire) - Chaire \u00c9conomie de d\u00e9fense - IHEDN<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La conf\u00e9rence annuelle de la Chaire \u00c9conomie de D\u00e9fense - IHEDN intitul\u00e9e \u00ab Quelle politique industrielle europ\u00e9enne de d\u00e9fense face aux d\u00e9fis \u00e0 relever ? \u00bb s\u2019est tenue le 2 d\u00e9cembre 2020 \u00e0 l\u2019amphith\u00e9\u00e2tre Foch (\u00c9cole militaire, Paris) et a \u00e9t\u00e9 retransmise en vid\u00e9o. 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