Chair in Defence Economics - IHEDN

Julien Malizard holds the Chair of Defence Economics at the Institut des hautes études de défense nationale (IHEDN).

He holds a doctorate in economics and was awarded the IHEDN Dissertation Prize in 2011. His doctoral research was supported by a grant from the Direction Générale de l'Armement (DGA).

His research focuses mainly on defence budget policies, the economic impact of defence spending, arms exports and procurement strategies in the European context.

He was guest editor for the 2019 special issue of Defence and Peace Economics, on French defence issues. He is the author of over 50 scientific contributions, including 23 articles published in peer-reviewed journals, and has given presentations at over 100 conferences, workshops and university seminars. He is regularly consulted by public and private decision-makers to contribute to political discussions on the defence industrial base in France and Europe.

His recent publications include the article «The Influence of Strategic Procurement on the Performance of the European Naval Defense Industry», co-authored with Josselin Droff and Jade Guiberteau-Ricard, and published in Defence and Peace Economics.

Alongside his research activities, Julien Malizard teaches defence economics at a number of French universities, including Université Côte d'Azur, Université Jean Moulin Lyon 3 and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne.

Josselin Droff holds a doctorate in economics from the Université de Bretagne Occidentale (UBO) and is a qualified lecturer (CNU, section 05, economics). During his thesis, he received funding from the DGA and the Ministry of Defence's Defence Economics Prize in 2015.

His research focuses mainly on the geographical organisation of defence (in particular the organisation of the maintenance of equipment in operational condition and the restructuring of armed forces), at the intersection of geographical economics, industrial organisation and public economics. He also works on the economic consequences of external operations and issues of innovation in defence (conceptions of innovation, organisation of innovation and changes in modes of innovation). He has published a number of research articles in peer-reviewed journals and popular articles, and has organised national and international conferences on defence economics.

Eva Szego has a doctorate in economics from ENSTA Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris. She completed her thesis as part of the AID/DGA «FIREBALL» school project, which focused on the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Her thesis work focused on the strategic autonomy of countries and the integration of artificial intelligence technologies into defence innovation. As part of her thesis, she used tools derived from network analysis applied to patent data, used as a proxy for technological innovation.

His research focuses mainly on defence innovation, at the intersection of defence economics and industrial economics.

Luka Aleksic is an M2 Geopolitics student at the French Institute of Geopolitics (IFG) at the University of Paris 8. He has joined the Chair as an apprentice for the academic year 2024-2025. His work focuses mainly on value chains in the aerospace sector, particularly defence.

Friederike Richter is a Doctor of Political Science at the Institute of Political Science of the Bundeswehr University in Munich and at the Centre de recherches politiques de Sciences Po in Paris. She is also associated with the Strategic Research Institute of the École Militaire (IRSEM). During her thesis, she received a research grant from the Directorate General of International Relations and Strategy (DGRIS). Her research focuses on setting the agenda for security and defence policies. From the perspective of a comparative analysis of public policies, she is particularly interested in the mechanisms by which defence issues - such as European cooperation - become a priority for governments. She has published several articles and book chapters.

Hubert Raymond is Director of Innovation and of the GENERATE start-up accelerator, and Public Contracts Coordinator for GICAT. With a background in programme management at the DGA and in entrepreneurship, he is a specialist reserve staff officer (P135) at the 1st Division headquarters and a civilian auditor at the École de guerre-Terre (P138). Currently a doctoral student in public business law and European law at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne, his work focuses on the sovereignty of the State and the defence industry in defence contracts in the light of European integration.

Laure Noël is Deputy Head of the International Diagnosis and Forecasting Office at the French Treasury. A graduate of the Master's in International Affairs and Development (International Economic Diagnosis - 211) at the University of Paris Dauphine-PSL, she completed a year's apprenticeship with the Chair during her Master's 2 before being recruited as a researcher between September 2021 and June 2022. Her final dissertation was directly related to the work of the Chair and is entitled «Strategic air capabilities in Europe: an analysis of States» preferences in the acquisition of combat aircraft since the end of the Cold War". More generally, his work has focused on European defence, defence procurement processes and the defence industry.

Maxime Menuet is Professor of Economics at the Université Côte d'Azur. After a bachelor's degree and two master's degrees (in macroeconomics/finance and applied mathematics) at the University of Orléans, Maxime Menuet defended a thesis in economics in May 2018, entitled «Public debt, political equilibrium, and aggregate instability» under the supervision of Professor Patrick Villieu. This thesis was awarded the Banque de France Foundation prize (2019). His current research focuses on theoretical macroeconomics, the economics of conflict and defence, and the history of economic thought, and has led him to publish in international journals (Economic Theory, Annals of Economics and Statistics, The European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, etc.).

Ethan B. Kapstein is Director of the Empirical Conflict Studies Project at Princeton's School of Public and International Affairs, where he is also a Senior Research Fellow and Lecturer (with the rank of Professor). His research and teaching focus on the political economy of development, particularly in conflict-affected countries. His latest book, Exporting Capitalism: Private Enterprise and US Foreign Policy (Harvard University Press, 2022), traces US efforts to promote private sector development in developing countries. A previous book (written with Josh Busby), AIDS Drugs for All: Social Movements and Market Transformations (Cambridge University Press, 2013), was awarded the Don K. Price Award for Best Book from the Science, Technology and Environmental Studies Section of the American Political Science Association. A retired US naval officer, Ethan B. Kapstein is a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. He has received numerous grants and fellowships, including from the Department of Defense/Minerva Research Initiative, the Smith Richardson Foundation and the World Bank.

Paul Hérault is a doctor of economics from Paris Dauphine University. His doctoral thesis, prepared under the supervision of Jean-Marc Siroën and defended in 2018, is entitled «L'internationalisation des chaînes de valeur dans l'industrie de défense : le cas du naval» (The internationalisation of value chains in the defence industry: the case of the naval industry). Paul Hérault is currently head of the «Strategic resource management» project at Naval Group and a leading expert at the IHEDN. He is also the author of several articles in defence and security journals.

Jade Guiberteau Ricard is a research assistant at Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). She has a master's degree in economics (Institut Polytechnique de Paris) and a master's degree in armed conflict expertise (Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne). She worked as a research assistant at the Chair between 2020 and 2023. Her work focuses on the defence industry in Europe. In particular, she wrote a dissertation, supervised by Josselin Droff and Julien Malizard, entitled «The production of large surface ships as a revelation of strategic paradoxes in Europe». She received a special mention in the Prix Économie de Défense from the French Ministry of Defence and the Prix de l'Amiral Daveluy from the French Navy.